Chapter 5   

Chapter Quiz

_____ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

 Interpretation

 Environmental analysis

 Perception

 Personality

 

 Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences perception?

 Target

 Medium

 Perceiver

 Situation

 

 Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in _____.

   selective perception

 memorization

 mental desensitization

 periodic listening

 

 The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is an example of _____.

   personality

 profiling

 experience

 satisficing

 

 Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision making model?

   Defining the problem

 Identifying the decision criteria

 Rating alternatives

 Selecting the decision that satisfices 

 

 Decision makers operate within the confines of _____ i.e., they construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.

   optimal decision making

 intuitive decision making

 bounded rationality

 synopsis

 

 _____ is an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.

   Escalation of commitment

 Optimizing decision making

 Satisficing decision making

 Reengineering

 

 In spite of the fact that short-term stock price changes are essentially random, a large proportion of investors believe that they can predict the direction that prices will move. This is an example of _____.

   availability bias

 randomness error

 confirmation bias

 representative error

 

 Which of the following is NOT an organizational constraint on decision-making?

   Performance evaluation

 Reward system

 Personality

 Formal regulations

 

Decisions made so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number are based on _____.

   utilitarianism

 justice

 rights

 profits

 

 The reality of a situation is what is behaviorally important.

   True

 False

 

Expectations can distort your perceptions in that you will see what you expect to see.

   True

 False

 

 

  

 Projection is the idea that people selectively interpret what they see based on their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

   True

 False

 

 If you expect to see that older workers can't learn a new job skill, you will probably perceive that, whether it is accurate or not.

   True

 False

 

 The rational decision-making model assumes rationality and that the alternative that yields the lowest perceived value will be chosen.

   True

 False

 

 Interviewers can make perceptual judgments that are often inaccurate during an employment interview.

   True

 False

 

 The bounded rationality model assumes that the decision maker will simplify the problem.

   True

 False

 

 Intuitive decision making is a conscious process created out of experience.

   True

 False

 

 

 Rationality in decision-making is highly valued across cultures.

   True

 False

 

 Utilitarianism dominates business decision making.

   True

 False

 

 What is the difference between fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias?

 

  

 

 What is self-fulfilling prophecy?